Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) is one of the most valuable species in global aquaculture, with annual production exceeding 2.5 million tonnes, according to data published by FAO. Production is concentrated in a limited number of countries, with Norway as the world’s leading supplier, followed by Chile and the United Kingdom. Within the European Union, salmon is among the most widely consumed species, although domestic production is limited, creating a structural dependence on imports, particularly from Norway.

Data published by Eurostat show that EU salmon imports exceed 1 million tonnes annually (fresh and frozen product equivalent), with salmon ranking among the top value categories in European fish trade. Its commercial value is amplified by the high degree of processing — fillets, portioned cuts, smoked products — which generate higher margins compared to whole fish. According to OECD data, salmon aquaculture is one of the most technologically advanced segments of the animal protein sector, characterized by full vertical integration and high traceability standards.

In Romania, total fish consumption is estimated by the National Institute of Statistics (INS) at approximately 8–9 kg per capita per year, below the EU average of over 20 kg per capita per year; however, salmon holds a significant share in modern retail. Imports originate almost entirely from Nordic countries, and the final price is influenced by logistics costs, currency fluctuations, and feed cost developments in marine farms. Aggregated data from UN Comtrade confirm Romania’s persistent trade deficit in fishery products, including salmon.

From a strategic perspective, salmon illustrates the structural difference between intensive, integrated, export-oriented aquaculture and the predominantly extensive model found in Eastern Europe. In the absence of natural conditions comparable to those of the North Atlantic, Romania cannot compete in primary production; however, it can develop processing, packaging, and value-added distribution segments. Developments in 2026 indicate that European demand will remain at a high level, driven by consumers’ preference for proteins with a favorable nutritional profile, reinforcing salmon’s role as a strategic product in European food trade.

(Photo: Freepik)