Terms such as “bio,” “eco,” and “organic” frequently appear on food product labels. In the European Union, these terms are regulated under the same legislative framework (Regulation (EU) 2018/848) and are considered equivalent. Therefore, there are no content differences between a product labeled “eco” and one labeled “organic” — the choice of term is mainly related to the producer’s commercial or linguistic preferences.

In order to use these claims, a product must meet strict criteria regarding the origin of raw materials, cultivation methods, processing, and certification. In agriculture, the use of synthetic pesticides, chemical fertilizers, and genetically modified organisms is prohibited. In processing, the number of permitted additives is strictly limited, and ingredients must largely come from certified organic sources.

“Bio” products must be authorized and verified by accredited independent bodies. The label must obligatorily display the European green leaf logo, as well as the code of the control authority. The absence of these elements raises questions regarding product compliance.

For consumers, choosing organic products often reflects concerns related to health, the environment, and ingredient quality. However, the “bio” label does not guarantee a superior nutritional profile, but rather a different and more sustainable production method. In addition, the higher price of these products reflects certification, control, and agricultural technology costs.

In conclusion, “bio,” “eco,” and “organic” mean the same thing under EU legislation. What matters is that the choice of these products is an informed one, and that labeling is correct and verifiable.

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