The productivity of dairy farms in Romania is 35% lower than the European average, according to Eurostat 2024. One of the main causes is the insufficient use of high-performance genetic material. In many farms, yields remain at 4,500 liters/cow/year, while in countries such as the Netherlands or Denmark they exceed 8,000 liters.

The costs of genetic improvement range between €300 and €500 per cow, but the benefits are reflected in higher production and fewer health problems. Farms that have invested in modern genetics have reported a 20% increase in milk production and a 15% reduction in veterinary costs.

In Romania, only 18% of dairy farms have accessed genetic improvement programs, according to ANZ. Lack of information and capital are the main barriers. However, the NSP and AFIR 2023–2027 include support measures for genetic improvement, which could accelerate modernization.

Experts estimate that through a national improvement program, Romania could reduce the gap with the European average by 10–15% by 2030. Investment in genetics is not just an option, but a condition for survival in the milk market.

(Photo: Freepik)